1 The simplest control structure is the sequence. The direction of flow passes through all steps in this structure. In pseudocode, a sequence will always be indented the same amount. As a flowchart, the sequence is identified as a number of steps flowing down the flowchart.

2 The three structures are sequence, selection and repetition.

3 A sequence consists of a number of steps that are to be performed one after the other, each step being performed once in the pass.

4 An algorithm in pseudocode starts with BEGIN and finishes with END.

5 Indentation allows the structure of the algorithm to be clearly seen.

6 A flowchart starts and finishes with terminal symbols containing the keywords BEGIN and END respectively.

7 The process symbol represents an action that is to be carried out.

8 The flow direction is from top to bottom since that is the natural direction for us to read.

9

get steak and oil

heat oil in frying pan

put steak into frying pan

turn steak as required

remove steak when cooked

10

get pencil and sharpener

put pencil into sharpener

turn pencil

remove pencil from sharpener

11

a BEGIN sharpen pencil get pencil and sharpener put pencil into sharpener turn pencil remove pencil from sharpener END

b

12

get bowl, cornflakes, milk and sugar

fill bowl with cornflakes

pour milk over cornflakes as required

pour sugar over cornflakes as required